Includes bibliographical references and indexes.

VOLUME ONE -- The right to (re)consider justification -- "O sweet exchange!" : a broader lens for discovering the patristic consensus -- Justification in the ancient church -- Justification, penance, and the metaphysics of grace : Lombard and Aquinas -- "Do what you can" : Scotus and the rise of nominalism -- The road from penance to Christ -- The Reformers and the Great Exchange : mystical union -- Reforming justification -- A new direction : word, faith, and works -- Law and gospel : a tale of two covenants -- The triumph of nominalism -- Justification and the Christian life.

VOLUME TWO -- Part one : The horizon of justification -- Adam and Israel -- "Works of the law" in Paul -- Part two : The achievement of justification -- The God who justifies the ungodly -- Justified by his blood : Angus Dei and Christus Victor -- Vicarious victor : an integrated account -- Raised for our justification -- Part three : The gift of righteousness -- What justification means -- Imputation : the mechanism of justification -- Justification and judgment : the role of works in the day of Christ Jesus -- Part four : Receiving justification -- Faith : looking to Christ -- Union with Christ : justification and the great exchange.

The doctrine of justification stands at the center of our systematic reflection on the meaning of salvation as well as our piety, mission, and life together. In his two-volume work on the doctrine of justification, Michael Horton seeks not simply to repeat noble doctrinal formulas and traditional proof texts, but to encounter the remarkable biblical justification texts in conversation with the provocative proposals that, despite a wide range of differences, have reignited the contemporary debates around justification. -- !c From publisher's description.

Volume 1 engages in a descriptive task - an exercise in historical theology exploring the doctrine of justification from the patristic era to the Reformation. Broadening the scope, Horton explores patristic discussions of justification under the rubric of the "great exchange." He provides a map for contemporary discussions of justification, identifying and engaging his principal interlocutors: Origen, Chrysostom, Augustine, Thomas Aquinas, John Duns Scotus, William of Ockham, Gabriel Biel, and the magisterial reformers. Observing the assimilation of justification to the doctrine of penance in medieval theology, especially via Peter Lombard, the work studies the transformations of the doctrine through Aquinas, Scotus and the nominalists leading up to the era of the Reformation and the Council of Trent. He concludes his first study by examining the hermeneutical and theological significance of the Reformers' understanding of the law and the gospel and the resultant covenantal scheme that became formative in Reformed theology. This then opens the door to the constructive task of volume 2 - to investigate the biblical doctrine of justification in light of contemporary exegesis. -- !c From publisher's description.

Building on his historical-theological exploration of justification in volume 1, in this second volume Horton embarks upon a constructive task of investigating the biblical doctrine of justification in light of contemporary exegesis. Here he takes up the topic of justification from biblical-theological, exegetical, and systematic-theological vantage points, engaging significantly with contemporary debates in biblical, especially Pauline, scholarship. Horton shows that the doctrine of justification finds its most ecumenically-significant starting point and proper habitat in union with Christ, where the greatest consensus, past and present, is to be found among Orthodox, Roman Catholic, and Protestant theologies. At the same time, he proposes that the union with Christ motif achieves its clearest and most consistent articulation in forensic justification. The final chapter locates justification within the broader framework of union with Christ. -- !c From publisher's description.